http://derstandard.at/1342947911197/Wer-handelt-noch-mit-Wehrmachtsfotos
Monat: Juli 2012
Empört Euch! – Time for outrage!
Golden Times
ROMA MEMENTO. Uncertain future?
Beginning with pictures of the current living conditions of Roma in Belgrade — the film takes us from the grim contemporary situation to a forewarning past. In a conversation between the filmmaker and her mother, we get an insight into the mother’s experiences of exclusion, characterized by a parentless childhood in which the young Roma woman moved from foster care to children’s homes. Her mother was murdered in a concentration camp and for a long time Margit Schmiedt knew nothing about her own origin; neither did she know or understand the reasons behind the prejudices and continuous experiences of exclusion she encountered. This violent process of degradation has led to deep-seated and lasting pain that the mother confides to her daughter. Among other things, inequities were repeatedly reflected in withholding of food and stigmatizing actions. These long-term experiences of discrimination, along with the current political situation for Roma in Europe, haunt Margit Schmiedt until the end of her life.
Pogroms still exist in Europe today — life-threatening conditions are ubiquitous.
55 min ©2012 Marika Schmiedt
Eine Reportage über die so genannten nationalen Roma-Strategie der ungarischen Regierung und deren Auswirkungen in Gemeinden mit Bürgermeistern der rechtsextremen Jobbik. Die Maßnahmen führen u.a. dazu, dass ungarischen Roma nach Kanada fliehen und dort politisches Asyl beantragen.
Von Jürgen Weber.
Zusammen kamen die beiden nationalen Kräfte Ungarns, Fidesz und Jobbik, vor zwei Jahren auf über 80% der Wählerschaft. Genügend Potenzial für den 33-jährigen Rechtsaußen Gábor Vona, vor den 700 Jobbik-Delegierten die Machterlangung im Budapester Parlamentsgebäude an der Donau zum obersten Ziel der Partei auszurufen. Vor ihm am Rednerpult prangt auf den Farben der ungarischen Flagge der Schriftzug „Nur die Nation!“. Die Programmatik seiner Partei dreht sich dabei um ein einziges Thema: Die so genannte Roma-Kriminalität.
Auf der einen Seite die große ungarische Nation, auf der anderen die Schuldigen an der Krise des Landes. Nur in einem solchen Klima ist erklärbar, dass im Budapester Nehru Park das Denkmal für die im Holocaust ermordeten Roma mit Sprüchen wie „Zigeuner ins Gas“ und Hundekot beschmiert wurde. Bereits zum dritten Mal haben Bürgerinnen und Bürger das 2006 errichtete Denkmal von Schändungen gereinigt, weil sich Stadtverwaltung und Bezirk dafür nicht zuständig fühlen. Bei unserem Besuch ist das Mahnmal beschädigt. Der Jobbik-Vorsitzende Gábor Vona machte auf dem jüngsten Parteitag keinen Hehl daraus, wie er sich die „Lösung der Zigeunerfrage“ vorstellt. Am Beispiel Gyöngyöspata habe die Öffentlichkeit „Jobbik in Aktion und aus erster Hand erleben können“. Wo der Fidesz versage, schreite Jobbik zur Tat, so deren Vorsitzender. Wie diese Taten aussehen sollen, lassen die Rechtsradikalen nicht offen. Demnach will Jobbik eine landesweite „Bürgermiliz“ aufstellen, die für „Ruhe und Ordnung“ sorgen soll. Alle Roma sollen zur Arbeit eingeteilt werden, wer sich sträubt, kommt in Lager, auch „Maßnahmen zur Geburtenkontrolle“ bei Romafrauen, um die „ausufernden demographischen Verschiebungen zum Nachteil des Ungarntums“ aufzuhalten, wurden bereits vorgeschlagen. Die Kinder sollen den Eltern entzogen und in Spezialheimen zu guten Ungarn erzogen werden. Vorschläge, die auf breiten, positiven Widerhall bei großen Teilen der Bevölkerung stoßen, wie die deutschsprachige Zeitung „Pester Lloyd“ aus Budapest schreibt. „Habt ihr das verlassene Haus da drüben gesehen“, János Farkas deutet aus dem Fenster die Straße hinauf, „sie sind in Kanada“. In Gyöngyöspata haben rund 60 Roma das Wenige, was sie hatten, verkauft und in Kanada politisches Asyl beantragt, berichtet er.
Weiterlesen
Rechtsextremismus und völkisches Denken in Ungarn:
“Ein irrsinniges Gewaltpotenzial”
http://www.cafebabel.de/article/32959/ungarn-wahlen-rechtsextremismus-voelkisch-romahass.html
Five Romani families, including children who were forcibly evicted from Belgrade to the Nis, a city in southern Serbia, are being denied water, sanitation and electricity.
Five Romani families, 18 people including children and a pregnant woman, who later gave birth, were resettled to an abandoned warehouse in Daniciceva Street in Nis without access to water, sanitation or electricity. They have been without access to water for more 10 weeks since being forcibly evicted from Belgrade on 26 April. It is
currently summer in Serbia and day-time temperatures are regularly over 35 degrees Celsius. There is no running water in the warehouse though the necessary infrastructure for it exists. The city authorities stated on 20 June that the water can be switched on relatively easily, and that it would be switched on by the end of that week. The water has still not been switched on, violating the families’ rights to adequate housing, water and
sanitation. The families have to fetch water in plastic containers from the nearest public waterpoint, located in a market, some 115 metres from the warehouse. This source of water is not continuous as the market is only open between 7 am and 3 pm; even when the market is open, the Roma are frequently denied access to the waterpoint by a market official. The only alternative source is a water point in the city centre more than a 30 minute walk away. The right to water requires that water be in, or in the immediate vicinity of where people live, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), where a water source is between 100 – 1000 metres away from a household, or where it takes between 5-30 minutes (including time spent waiting in a queue) to collect water, people are unlikely to be able to collect more than 20 litres of water per person and therefore face a risk to their health. In addition, the warehouse does not have adequate toilets as the ones that exist are unsanitary due to the lack of water.
4. Juli 2012 – Die Liberalisierung der Visumpflicht mit der EU hat zu willkürlichen Grenzkontrollen und Ausreisesperren in den Ländern des sog. Westlichen Balkans geführt. Dies ist die Schlussfolgerung einer vergleichenden Studie der Maßnahmen, die die Staaten der Region auf Druck der Europäischen Union getroffen haben, um den Anstieg der Zahl der AsylbewerberInnen zu reduzieren. Roma, die als Musterbeispiel des Scheinasylanten gebrandmarkt wurden, sind Hauptopfer dieser Maßnahmen.
Der Autor dieser Studie, Chachipe, eine Menschenrechtsvereinigung mit Sitz in Luxemburg, die sich für die Rechte der Roma einsetzt, hat die Maßnahmen untersucht, die Staaten wie Serbien und Mazedonien und weitere Staaten Südosteuropas, die von der Visumpflicht für Kurzzeitaufenthalte befreit wurden, eingeführt haben, um dem Druck bezüglich einer möglichen Wiedereinführung der Visumpflicht zu entgehen. Sie bestehen in einer Verschärfung der Grenzkontrollen, dem Einzug oder des Ungültigmachens von Reisedokumenten und anderen Formen des Bestrafung.
Die Nichtregierungsorganisation stellte fest, dass diese Maßnahmen in Mazedonien am weitesten fortgeschritten sind. Mazedonien hat kürzlich ein Gesetz verabschiedet, das einen zeitweiligen Einzug der Reisepässe von abgelehnten AsylbewerberInnen ermöglicht. Allerdings wurden ähnliche Maßnahmen auch in Serbien und anderen Staaten überlegt. Mehrere Tausend BürgerInnen dieser Staaten, insbesondere Roma, wurden auf Grundlage der alleinigen Vermutung, sie könnten „Scheinasylanten“ sein, willkürlich an der Ausreise gehindert und in ihren Grundrechten eingeschränkt.
In ihrer Studie beleuchtet Chachipe die Wechselwirkung zwischen dem Druck von Seiten der Europäischen Union und den Reaktionen der betroffenen Staaten. Die Nichtregierungsorganisation weist darauf hin, dass bereits der Prozess der Liberalisierung der Visumpflicht mit weitreichenden Gesetzesänderungen einherging. Damit wurde unter anderem auch die Grundlage für Ausreisekontrollen gelegt, die heute dafür genutzt werden, um BürgerInnen dieser Staaten an der Ausreise zu hindern.Chachipe unterstreicht die weitgehende Übereinstimmung der Maßnahmen, die in den verschiedenen Staaten getroffen wurden, als Hinweis dafür, dass die Europäische Union wesentlich mehr als nur reine beratende Funktion einnimmt.
Chachipe dokumentiert, dass die vielfältigen, vagen Ankündigungen möglicher “negativer Folgen” für AsylbewerberInnen, sowie die Bitten verschiedener Staaten an die Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union, Informationen über die Identität der AsylbewerberInnen zu überliefern, mit dazu beigetragen hat, Ängste unter den AsylbewerberInnen, aber auch allgemein unter der Romabevölkerung dieser Länder zu schüren. Außerdem haben die öffentlichen Informationskampagnen mit dazu beigetragen, die restliche Bevölkerung dieser Länder davon zu überzeugen, dass die Roma dafür verantwortlich sind, dass die Visumliberalisierung heute in Gefahr ist.
Die Studie ist das Ergebnis einer intensive Kampagne, in deren Lauf, Chachipe gemeinsam mit anderen Nichtregierungsorganisation darauf hingewiesen hat, dass einige Maßnahmen, die im Rahmen der Visaliberalisierung durchgesetzt wurden, gegen Menschenrechte verstoßen. In ihrem Bericht, weist Chachipe darauf hin, dass Maßnahmen, wie der Entzug von Reisedokumenten bereits vorher erprobt wurden, wie beispielsweise zu dem Zeitpunkt, als die BürgerInnen Rumäniens von der Visumpflicht für Kurzaufenthalte in der Europäischen Union entbunden wurden.
Unter Bezugnahme auf den sogenannten Prager Flughafen Fall, bei dem tschechische Roma gezielt davon abgehalten wurden, an Bord von Flugzeugen nach Großbritannien zu gehen, erklärt die Nichtregierungsorganisation, dass selektive Grenzkontrollen anhand von ethnischen Kriterien, das sog.„ethnic profiling“, gegen Grundprinzipien internationalen Menschenrechts verstoßen. Chachipe fordert die Europäische Union auf, die Länder nicht dazu zu zwingen gegen Menschenrechte zu verstoßen, aus dem alleinigen Grund, dass die Union nicht mit der Armut und Verzweiflung ihrer Romabevölkerung konfrontiert werden möchte.
Quelle: Chachipe
The European Strategist: Why the current EU strategy to protect Roma ethnicity is failing
Roma claim a crackdown on the flow of asylum seekers into the EU has effectively barred them from leaving Macedonia.
by Ljubica Grozdanovska Dimishkovska, 27 June 2012.
SKOPJE| Djengis seems an unlikely candidate to seek asylum abroad.
The 30-year-old Rom from Kumanovo in northern Macedonia is a working man, with a job doing manual labor, and a family man, the father of two. But when he tried to cross the border in mid-June to visit his brother in Serbia, he was turned back.
“I said I was planning to stay at my brother’s house for two weeks,” Djengis recalled of the encounter at the Tabanovce crossing. “The officer said I needed 1,000 euros, that I was supposed to have this money since I’m traveling to a foreign country.
Then he said there’s some notation in the [border control] records, according to which
I’m not allowed to leave Macedonia.”
The AZ notation, in Cyrillic characters, and the two parallel lines indicate that the bearer of this passport has been turned back at the border as a likely false asylum seeker. Djengis said he was not shown physical proof of his supposed status or given a written explanation as to why he was barred from crossing.
“If we [Roma] are not allowed to travel,” he said a week after the incident, “why does the state ask us to pay for passports?” Ostensibly, Macedonian Roma, like their compatriots, are indeed free to travel, without visas or fees, not just to neighboring Balkan countries but throughout most of the European Union. In December 2009 the EU lifted a visa requirement in light of improved border-security measures such as biometric passports, under which citizens of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro can stay in Schengen countries for up to three months as tourists, provided they do not work.
By the following March, organized “asylum” tours had sprung up. Travel agencies in Macedonian towns with majority Roma or ethnic Albanian populations offered to help people resettle in the EU, primarily in Belgium, Sweden, and Germany.
Asylum applications in the EU skyrocketed, according to Eurostat figures cited in a report by Skopje think tank Analytica. The Belgian and Swedish governments responded swiftly, sending all asylum seekers back to Macedonia and threatening to demand the European Commission reinstate the visa requirement. Brussels got the message.
In November 2010 the EU warned Macedonia, and Serbia as well, that it would suspend visa liberalization unless they checked the asylum wave. Macedonian authorities tracked down and closed the sham travel agencies and strengthened border controls.
On a recommendation from the Interior Ministry, the criminal code was amended to make it illegal to seek asylum without solid proof of cause, such as political repression. Many of the Roma who sought asylum had cited economic reasons. According to a November 2011 statement on the Macedonian government’s website, the ministry has also enhanced border controls “by using the method of risk analysis,” essentially creating a profile of “so-called false asylum seekers.” The upshot, some Roma activists and human rights groups say, is that many Macedonian Roma have been effectively barred from leaving the country, based on this profiling by border agents.
Asmet Elezovski is the president of the National Roma Centrum in Kumanovo, one of the few organizations in the country that provides detailed information about the rights and obligations of those traveling without visas. Kumanovo is located just 13.5 kilometers
(8.4 miles) from the Serbian border, near the Tabanovce station, and Elezovski said he has compiled files on about 20 cases of Roma being denied a crossing because of border guards’ presumptions. Elezovski said he is no supporter of Roma going abroad to seek asylum on false grounds, but he asserts that few are doing so. He does acknowledge that some use their three months abroad “to earn some decent money, so that they can live throughout the year.” The average monthly wage in Macedonia is 330 euros ($412).
“The majority of Roma are living on the edge of poverty, or even below that,” Elezovski said. “Why can Roma people from other countries enjoy the liberty of free movement and the Roma from Macedonia are suddenly a threat?” The Skopje office of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights also says it has received dozens of complaints from Roma about hassles on the border. In some cases, police confiscated passports without explanation. “This is a violation of human rights, especially the right of free movement,” said Kiril Efremovski, a spokesman for the office. “I think the law on border surveillance should be revised, and there must be a campaign to raise awareness and respect basic human rights in situations like these.” Interior Ministry spokesman Ivo Kotevski said border controls have become more rigorous in the wake of the EU threats to restore visa restrictions, but he said guards are following procedures put in place “as a preventive measure we took as a state, so that we can prevent people who have no grounds to seek asylum in foreign countries” from doing so. He said the ministry does not keep statistics on the ethnicity of citizens stopped at the border: “We see them all as Macedonian citizens.” The tracking the ministry does indicates that fewer people overall are being turned back, Kotevski said. Only 30 people have been halted at the border in the last two months, he said, compared with an average of more than 300 per month in 2011 and early 2012. Some domestic and international rights groups dispute that the situation has improved. One of the most vocal critics is Samka Ibraimovski, a member of parliament from the Party for the Total Emancipation of the Roma and former director of the Reception Center, which works with asylum seekers within Macedonia. He has been photocopying the passports of Macedonian Roma denied border passage and filed an appeal on their behalf last month with the Constitutional Court. Ibraimovski said that according to accounts he has heard of border encounters, the only recent change is that guards have stopped stamping “AZ” – for azil, the Macedonian word for asylum – in the passports of people who are turned back. “Previously those people had the AZ stamp and two parallel lines across the stamp,” Ibraimovski said. “Now they’ve invented a new code. There’s no stamp with AZ, just the two parallel lines.” He maintained the change was made in response to international criticism of the border protocol, to make it appear that fewer people are being rejected. The issue also brought a delegation from the European Roma and Travelers Forum to Skopje in late May to discuss the matter with Macedonian authorities. The Strasbourg-based organization advises the Council of Europe on Roma issues. “We didn’t believe this was happening, but I became firmly convinced that [Macedonia] is engaging in a policy of discrimination when it happened to my mother at the beginning of May,” said Robert Rustem, the forum’s general secretary. “She was coming to visit me in France. She was stopped by police officers at the Skopje airport, who said she couldn’t leave the country. She was told there’s some note in the system about her passport and they must take her travel documents,” he said. “I had to confirm to the Macedonian authorities that I’m employed in France, that my mother has enough money to travel, and, most importantly, that I would complain to the Council of Europe about the situation.” Rustem said the forum would consider applying to international courts if cases such as his mother’s continue to occur. A longer-term solution, he said, is an EU system of temporary work permits, so that Roma would not feel the need to permanently resettle or be constantly suspected of wanting to do so. Macedonia already has several such bilateral agreements with individual countries, mostly for seasonal labor such as harvesting crops. Back in Kumanovo, Djengis said he plans to stay home for a while. He managed to avoid the dreaded AZ stamp when he tried to visit his brother, by hiding his passport and showing border agents only his government-issued identification card – sufficient documentation to travel, under an agreement with Serbia. Still, he said he is afraid to try again anytime soon.
Source: Human Rights Witness